Information introduction: Shanghai Hairun Additives Co., Ltd. launched the "National Lubricant Additive Culture Exploration Tour Project", inviting domestic famous lubricant additive experts to introduce the development history of domestic lubricant additives, related experts' deeds, related historical events and anecdotes.

In the midsummer season, Mr. Zhao Chongzhi, a senior expert in PetroChina's additives, was invited to visit Hairun to teach us about the development and industrialization of the new Chinese lubricant additive technology for more than 40 years. Mr. Zhao served as the director of the "Lanlian" Additives Factory. After retiring in 2000, he served as a technical consultant for China National Petroleum Lubricants Co., Ltd. for 10 years and continued to play a role in the development of domestic lubricants and additives.

Mr. Zhao introduced the development process of domestic additives to the main line of "Lan Lian". China's lubricant additive technology sprouted in the early days of liberation. In the 1950s and 1960s, Romania and China were friendly. In 1954, the first domestic additive product, alkyl naphthalene, was born. This product was introduced to the former Soviet Union and transferred to Romania. It is mainly to solve the problem of high freezing point of lubricating oil in military trucks in winter; another product, polyisobutylene sulphate strontium salt T108, is a technology that Beijing Shikeyuan learned through technical exchanges with Romania. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the country was in a hurry, the economic conditions were poor, and the necessities of life were very scarce. Mr. Zhao remembered that even the raw materials for soap and washing powder were not available. In the 1960s, a technology was set up in Romania to build a paraffin oxidation unit in Lanzhou, using paraffin and potassium permanganate as catalysts to oxidize into fatty acids, cutting out C10-C13 fatty acids for sale to soap factories, and making soap at the same time. The workers of Lan Lian are issued one month. In this process, by-products can be used as a gelling agent for the flamethrower. A 3% dose is added to the gasoline, and the coagulated gasoline can be formed after 2 hours.

Mr. Zhao mentioned that the "Shanglian" research institute started early in the development of sulfonate technology and achieved a number of results. At that time, the "Shanglian" was mainly to research and develop the additive single-agent technology. In addition to the single agent that Mr. Ge Dingzeng had introduced before, Mr. Guo Yihou led the development of polymethacrylate pour point depressant on -602 and Mr. Wang Kaijun presided over the research and development. Single agents such as antifoaming agents are well known in the country. In 1958, a group of researchers were separated from the Beijing Institute of Stone Science to form the "Lanlian" research institute. At the same time, some research topics and technical materials were brought forward. This team made the improvement of the military's demand for lubricant quality in the same year. A big contribution. At that time, it was very difficult to acquire foreign technology, and basically relied on learning exchange to bring back information from foreign companies. The technology for the production of petroleum sulfonate from Yumen comes from the exchange of information from technicians such as Mr. Lu Chengqi from the Beijing Institute of Stone Science in the study of the former Soviet Union, and the technology developed by the Academy of Sciences.

"Lan Lian" develops and produces additives for about 30 years before the joint venture with Lubrizol, including: calcium salicylate, calcium alkylphenolate, anti-oxidant anti-corrosion agents T202, T203, T204, etc. . The ashless dispersant T152, T154, metal deactivator T551, T561, antistatic additive, T803, etc. are all developed by the Academy of Sciences.

Development and development of Lanlian additives

"Lanlian" additive plant has been independently developed for 30 years from the 1960s to the 1990s before the joint venture with Lubrizol. The varieties produced include detergents, dispersants, anti-oxidants and metal deactivators. , antistatic agent, T803 pour point depressant, etc., is one of the main forces in the production of lubricant additives in China.

The birth of the first compound agent Lan-104 in China

In the 1960s, Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, the former Soviet Union withdrew experts, blocked technology, and stopped supplying two oil refiners. At that time, the tank oil of our army could only be used for up to 8 hours in a row. After use, the oil was all sticky like asphalt, which seriously affected the combat effectiveness of the army. According to the data of the former Soviet Union, "Lan Lian" developed and produced alkyl phenolphthalein salt detergent, known as Lan-101, through research and exploration; in addition, using alkyl phenol and phosphorus pentasulfide, the reaction yielded alkyl phenyl thiophosphate. And react with zinc oxide to form an anti-oxidant anti-corrosion agent similar in structure to ZDDP, called Lan-103; the blue-101 and Lan-103 are compounded in a certain ratio to prepare a composite agent Lan-104, which is in 1960. The pilot year was carried out, and industrialization was realized four years later. This was the first compounding agent born after the founding of New China, which solved the urgent needs of the state and the army at that time. In 1969, Lan-104 and the poly-α-olefin (PAO) produced in the early stage of Fushun Petroleum No. 1 Plant were formulated into military tank oil, which played an important role in the counterattack of Zhenbao Island.

"82" compounding agent

In the 1970s, according to the technical data of the former Soviet Union, the synthesis of sulphuric acid with polyisobutylene (PIB) and phosphorus pentasulfide, followed by the addition of cesium hydroxide, developed Lan-108, which has detergency, dispersibility, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation properties. It has a comprehensive performance and anti-wear performance. At that time, it replaced the status of Lan-101 and was promoted and used in China for more than ten years. However, because it contains heavy metals, it will have a greater pollution to the environment and was eliminated in the 1990s. However, the performance of its products has been well received and recognized by Lubrizol and former Soviet experts. Lan-108 and T202 are compounded in a certain proportion to obtain "82" compounding agent, which has better performance. Jiang Hao, Li Haitao and Cao Lei made outstanding contributions to the success of Lan-108.

Water salicylate

In the early 1970s, "Lanlian" began to develop salicylate additives, and the team led by Zhang Jinghe made a major breakthrough in his research work in 1974. Many experiments have shown that the ratio of accelerator, CaO and H2O is very important, and the synthesis process is similar to that of Shell and the former Soviet Union. The reaction starts from phenol, and C15-C20 of the cracking wax is added to obtain an alkylphenol, wherein the alkyl group is relatively large, and is an alkylphenol of the α-olefin; the second step is to add the obtained alkylphenol to the alkali. And dehydration to a moisture content of less than 0.03%, and then reacted under a pressure of 10 kg / cm 2 to obtain sodium alkyl salicylate, and then acidified to obtain an intermediate, and finally calcified to obtain calcium alkyl salicylate. In China, the technology of salicylate has made great progress, and it is not backward in the world. At present, the three companies of Lanlian, Wuxi South and Jinzhou Tianhe produce salicylate, and both have developed short A new process for the process.

Antistatic agent

The saturated vapor pressure of aviation kerosene can form an explosive mixture in the upper space of the oil tank and the fuel tank under normal temperature conditions, and the aviation coal requires extreme cleaning, otherwise the jet engine may be faulty, and the oil insulation is extremely high. The conductive performance is extremely low, and the fuel tank is statically accumulated during the transmission and especially during the refueling of the military aircraft, and is not easily dissipated and dissipated, thereby causing electrostatic discharge and explosion. The Academy of Sciences has developed antistatic additives for the safety of military aircraft and civil aviation aircraft. In 1975, it successfully achieved industrial trial production in "Lanlian". In the "Lanlian" production of two single agents: alkyl salicylate chromium, calcium diisooctyl succinate sulfonate, and the use of "Shanglian" produced on the -602 blended into a composite antistatic agent. The antistatic agent is only added in the aviation coal by only 3ppm, and the effect is particularly remarkable. When the Air Force tries to measure the electrostatic voltage of the fuel tank, the electrostatic voltage is up to 150,000 volts without adding time, and the fuel tank voltage after adding 3ppm of the agent is only 40- 50 volts. After the agent was put into the Air Force, there was no accident of fuel tank explosion caused by electrostatic discharge during refueling. Later, foreign airliners also gradually used China's aviation coal in China. At that time, foreign airlines flew to China with very few flights. People simply did not believe that China's aviation coal could guarantee safety. Then take off from China and fly off China's oil. The success of the antistatic agent is a particularly efficient and significant research and development achievement of the close collaboration between the Institute of Science and Technology, "Shanglian" and "Lanlian", although the national demand was only 10 tons. Gasoline has a much higher vapor pressure than jet fuel. When transporting and refueling, the concentration of light hydrocarbons in the space above the tank and tank is too high and the relative oxygen content is very small. If static electricity is accumulated and the fire is discharged, it is only due to lack of Oxygen and only take a black smoke and self-extinguish, there will be no serious consequences such as an explosion fire. Therefore, gasoline is generally not added to the agent. Antistatic agents are precisely products tailored specifically for aviation coal. Therefore, people are called aviation kerosene antistatic agents.